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1 scaena (scēna)
scaena (scēna) ae, f, σκηνή.—In a theatre, the stage, boards, scene: hoc videbit in scaena: scaenae magnificentia: Vel scaena ut versis discedat frontibus, V.: columnas excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris, a theatre, V.: scaenis agitatus Orestes, i. e. in tragedies, V.: tum silvis scaena coruscis, etc., i. e. an open space surrounded by the wood, V.—Fig., the public stage, public, publicity: quia maxima oratori quasi scaena videtur contio esse: quae si minus in scenā sunt, i. e. in public view: se a volgo et scaenā in secreta remorant Virtus, etc., H.—Prov.: tibi scenae serviendum est, i. e. keep yourself in public view.—A pretence, parade, pretext: scaenam ultro criminis parat, Ta. -
2 scena
scaena (scena), ae, f. [st2]1 [-] Gloss. Virg. lieu ombragé (comme une tente), berceau (de verdure), décoration naturelle, paysage. [st2]2 [-] scène (du théâtre), décor, théâtre. [st2]3 [-] scène (de comédie), jeu de théâtre, spectacle. [st2]4 [-] scène (du monde), spectacle, pompe, appareil, apparat. - in scenâ esse: être acteur.* * *scaena (scena), ae, f. [st2]1 [-] Gloss. Virg. lieu ombragé (comme une tente), berceau (de verdure), décoration naturelle, paysage. [st2]2 [-] scène (du théâtre), décor, théâtre. [st2]3 [-] scène (de comédie), jeu de théâtre, spectacle. [st2]4 [-] scène (du monde), spectacle, pompe, appareil, apparat. - in scenâ esse: être acteur.* * *Scena, scenae. Labeo. Une ramee, Un eschafault couvert.\Orestes agitatus scenis. Virg. Joué plusieurs fois sur les eschafaulx.\Agere gestum in scena. Cic. Jouer sur l'eschafault.\Scena totius rei haec est. Caelius ad Ciceronem. Le sommaire et argument de tout l'affaire.\Seruire scenae. Cic. S'accommoder au temps et aux personnes.\Scena. Virgil. Ombrage.\Scena pro loco etiam accipitur vbi aliquis se ostentat, et sui specimen facit. hinc Prodire in scenam. Se mettre au monde, et se avancer. -
3 scaena
scaena (scēna), ae, f. (σκηνή), die Bühne des Theaters, die Schaubühne, der Schauplatz, die Szene und in diesem Sinne das Theater, I) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: artifices scaenae, Bühnenkünstler = Schauspieler, Sen.: scaena Marcelliani theatri restituta, Suet.: eorum ludorum causā scaenam pulpitum ceteraque, quae ad eos ludos opus erant, in loco publico ponere, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 206. lin. 77: in scaenam producere, s. produco (no. I, A, c, γ): in scaenam venire, Donat.: in scaenam prodire, Nep.: scaenam tenere, allein auf der Bühne gelten, Suet.: de scaena decedere, von der B. (auf immer) abgehen, abtreten (Ggstz. in scaenam redire), Cic.: nullum aditum in scaenam mimis dare, Val. Max.: fabulam in scaenam deferre, Suet. – agitur res in scaenis, geht auf dem Th. vor, Hor.: Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, auf den Bühnen (in den Tragödien), Verg.: priorum scelerum fabulis omnes scaenas replevisse, Iustin.: haec ad ostentationem scaenae (zur Darstellung auf der Bühne) gaudentis miraculis aptiora quam ad fidem, Liv. – 2) übtr., das Laubdach, tum silvis scaena coruscis desuper, Verg. Aen. 1, 164. – II) bildl.: A) die Bühne, der Schauplatz ( das Feld) jeder öffentl. Tätigkeit, a) v. Forum, v. der Volksversammlung, die öffentliche Bühne, Weltbühne, die große Welt, Öffentlichkeit, in scaena, id est in contione, Cic.: quia maxima quasi oratori scaena videatur contionis, Cic.: ubi se a vulgo et scaena remorant virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli, Hor.: minus in scaena esse, der großen Welt weniger in die Augen fallen (= die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit weniger auf sich ziehen), Cic. – sphaeram ins scaenam, ins Publikum, ut dicitur, afferre, Cic.: populo et scaenae servire, sich den Augen der Welt zeigen, sein Licht vor den Leuten leuchten lassen, Cic. – b) v. den Versammlungen u. Schulen der Rhetoren zur Übung der Beredsamkeit, der Schauplatz der Beredsamkeit, Plin. ep. 7, 17, 9. – c) übh. Schauplatz, Feld der Tätigkeit, scaena manet dotes grandis tuas, deiner Gaben wartet ein mächtiges Feld, Ov. trist, 1, 9, 48: cuius vita nihil aliud erat, nisi scaena improbitatis, Heges. 1, 40, 1. – B) alles auf äußeren Schein Berechnete: a) das Schaugepränge, äußere Gepränge, neque (verba) ex alio genere ad usum cotidianum, alio ad scaenam pompamque sumuntur, Cic.: nec minore scaenā Mausoleo intulit (urnas), Suet. – b) wie unsere angestellte Komödie, Maskerade, abgekartete Sache = Täuschung, Trugwerk, ne quid scaenae deesset, Petron.: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. in Cic. ep.: scaena pessimi Thrasylli, Apul.: scaena feralium nuptiarum, Apul.: scaenam ultro criminis parat, Tac.: affectare ad omnem malitiae suae scaenam, es auf jedes Trugwerk ihrer Bosheit absehen, Tert. – C) (spätlat.) die Szene = der äußere Anblick, die äußere Gestalt, die äußere Erscheinung, der Hergang, die Lage u. dgl., Apul., Tert. u.a., s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 4, 20. p. 261. – arch. Genet. scaenai, Lucr. 4, 79. / Über die Schreibweise scaena, die die besten Hdschrn. u. die Inschrn. (auch scaina) bieten, s. Lachmann Lucr. p. 217 sq. Wagner orthogr. Vergil. p. 470. Freund Cic. Mil. p. 29.
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4 scaena
scaena (scēna), ae, f. (σκηνή), die Bühne des Theaters, die Schaubühne, der Schauplatz, die Szene und in diesem Sinne das Theater, I) eig. u. übtr.: 1) eig.: artifices scaenae, Bühnenkünstler = Schauspieler, Sen.: scaena Marcelliani theatri restituta, Suet.: eorum ludorum causā scaenam pulpitum ceteraque, quae ad eos ludos opus erant, in loco publico ponere, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 206. lin. 77: in scaenam producere, s. produco (no. I, A, c, γ): in scaenam venire, Donat.: in scaenam prodire, Nep.: scaenam tenere, allein auf der Bühne gelten, Suet.: de scaena decedere, von der B. (auf immer) abgehen, abtreten (Ggstz. in scaenam redire), Cic.: nullum aditum in scaenam mimis dare, Val. Max.: fabulam in scaenam deferre, Suet. – agitur res in scaenis, geht auf dem Th. vor, Hor.: Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, auf den Bühnen (in den Tragödien), Verg.: priorum scelerum fabulis omnes scaenas replevisse, Iustin.: haec ad ostentationem scaenae (zur Darstellung auf der Bühne) gaudentis miraculis aptiora quam ad fidem, Liv. – 2) übtr., das Laubdach, tum silvis scaena coruscis desuper, Verg. Aen. 1, 164. – II) bildl.: A) die Bühne, der Schauplatz ( das Feld) jeder öffentl. Tätigkeit, a) v. Forum, v. der Volksversammlung, die öffentliche Bühne, Weltbühne, die große Welt, Öffentlichkeit, in scaena, id est in contione, Cic.: quia————maxima quasi oratori scaena videatur contionis, Cic.: ubi se a vulgo et scaena remorant virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli, Hor.: minus in scaena esse, der großen Welt weniger in die Augen fallen (= die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit weniger auf sich ziehen), Cic. – sphaeram ins scaenam, ins Publikum, ut dicitur, afferre, Cic.: populo et scaenae servire, sich den Augen der Welt zeigen, sein Licht vor den Leuten leuchten lassen, Cic. – b) v. den Versammlungen u. Schulen der Rhetoren zur Übung der Beredsamkeit, der Schauplatz der Beredsamkeit, Plin. ep. 7, 17, 9. – c) übh. Schauplatz, Feld der Tätigkeit, scaena manet dotes grandis tuas, deiner Gaben wartet ein mächtiges Feld, Ov. trist, 1, 9, 48: cuius vita nihil aliud erat, nisi scaena improbitatis, Heges. 1, 40, 1. – B) alles auf äußeren Schein Berechnete: a) das Schaugepränge, äußere Gepränge, neque (verba) ex alio genere ad usum cotidianum, alio ad scaenam pompamque sumuntur, Cic.: nec minore scaenā Mausoleo intulit (urnas), Suet. – b) wie unsere angestellte Komödie, Maskerade, abgekartete Sache = Täuschung, Trugwerk, ne quid scaenae deesset, Petron.: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. in Cic. ep.: scaena pessimi Thrasylli, Apul.: scaena feralium nuptiarum, Apul.: scaenam ultro criminis parat, Tac.: affectare ad omnem malitiae suae scaenam, es auf jedes Trugwerk ihrer Bosheit absehen, Tert. – C) (spätlat.) die————Szene = der äußere Anblick, die äußere Gestalt, die äußere Erscheinung, der Hergang, die Lage u. dgl., Apul., Tert. u.a., s. Hildebr. Apul. met. 4, 20. p. 261. – arch. Genet. scaenai, Lucr. 4, 79. ⇒ Über die Schreibweise scaena, die die besten Hdschrn. u. die Inschrn. (auch scaina) bieten, s. Lachmann Lucr. p. 217 sq. Wagner orthogr. Vergil. p. 470. Freund Cic. Mil. p. 29. -
5 scaena
I.Lit., the stage, boards, scene of a theatre:B.dum histrio in scaenă siet,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 20:in scaenă esse Roscium intellegat,
Cic. Brut. 84, 290:foris hic extra scaenam fient proelia,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 60:cum scaena croco Cilici perfusa recens est,
Lucr. 2, 416:scaenaique simul varios splendere decores,
id. 4, 983:scaenae magnificentia,
Cic. Mur. 19, 38:nec vero scaena solum referta est his sceleribus,
id. N. D. 3, 27, 69:vel scaena ut versis discedat frontibus,
Verg. G. 3, 24; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 205 et saep.— Plur.:columnas excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris,
a theatre, Verg. A. 1, 429: aut Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, on the stage, i. e. in tragedies, Verg. A. 4, 471:aut agitur res in scaenis,
Hor. A. P. 179.—Transf.1.Of a place like a scene of a theatre, Verg. A. 1, 164.—2.(Post-Aug.) Of the schools of rhetoric, as scenes for the display of eloquence:II.at nunc adulescentuli deducuntur in scaenas scholasticorum, qui rhetores vocantur,
Tac. Or. 35; cf. Plin Ep. 7, 17, 9.—Trop.1.The public stage, the public:2.quia maxima quasi oratori scaena videatur contionis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338; id. Planc. 12, 29:ubi se a vulgo et scaena in secreta remorant Virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 71.—Prov.: scaenae servire, to show one ' s self, live in the public eye, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 8, 2.—Outward show, parade, pretext: scaena rei totius haec: Pompeius, tamquam Caesarem non impugnet, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3; cf.:3.ne quid scaenae deesset,
Petr. 117, 10; Suet. Calig. 15:scaenam ultro criminis parat,
Tac. A. 14, 7 fin. — -
6 scena
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7 scena
1. scēna, s. scaena.———————— -
8 scena [1]
1. scēna, s. scaena.
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9 A
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah. -
10 a
1.A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:II.A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,
Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,
Quint. 1, 5, 61.The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.III.In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.A.Short a is changed,1., into long a —a.In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,b.In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).c.In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)2.Short a is changed into é or ē—a.Into é.(α).Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).(β).Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.(γ).In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).b.Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).3.Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)(α).before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —(β).Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).b.ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.c. d.In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.4. a.Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).b.Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).5.Short a is changed into ŭ —a.In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).b.In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.c.ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).B. 1. 2.Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)IV.Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.V.The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).VI.Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.B.ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.1.The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.2.In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.3. 4.The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.5.Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.VII.In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.A.Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).B.Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—1.Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.2.Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.3.Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.4.Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.5. 6.Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.C.Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.2.As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;3.so also A. A. A.,
ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.a, prep.=ab, v. ab.4.ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.
См. также в других словарях:
scenă — SCÉNĂ, scene, s.f. 1. Parte mai ridicată şi special amenajată în incinta unei săli de spectacole sau în aer liber, unde se desfăşoară reprezentaţiile. ♢ expr. A pune în scenă = a regiza. ♦ Teatru. ♢ expr. A părăsi scena = a) a părăsi profesiunea… … Dicționar Român
scena — / ʃɛna/ s.f. [dal lat. scaena, gr. skēnḗ tenda, fondale del palcoscenico ]. 1. a. (teatr.) [parte del teatro dove gli attori recitano, generalm. costituita da una piattaforma sopraelevata rispetto al piano della sala: in fondo alla s. c era un… … Enciclopedia Italiana
scena — scèna ž <G mn scénā> DEFINICIJA 1. a. kazal. prostor s odgovarajućim dekoracijama na kojem se izvodi predstava; bina, pozornica b. meton. kazalište, dramska umjetnost uopće 2. dio radnje književnog djela, filma i sl. [filmska scena] 3. razg … Hrvatski jezični portal
scena — scè·na s.f. 1a. CO TS spett. l insieme degli elementi disposti sul palcoscenico teatrale o sul set di una ripresa cinematografica o televisiva per ricostruire l ambiente in cui si svolge l azione 1b. CO estens., luogo che fa idealmente da sfondo… … Dizionario italiano
scena — {{hw}}{{scena}}{{/hw}}s. f. 1 Parte unitaria del dramma teatrale, in cui agiscono i medesimi attori: entrare in scena | Mettere in –s, rappresentare | Andare in –s, essere rappresentato spec. per la prima volta. 2 (est.) spec. al pl. Teatro |… … Enciclopedia di italiano
Szene — soziale Umgebung; Umwelt; Milieu; Bühne; Podium; Aufzug; Darbietung; Auftritt; Darstellung; Akt * * * Sze|ne [ sts̮e:nə], die; , n: 1 … Universal-Lexikon
Behind the scenes — Scene Scene, n. [L. scaena, scena, Gr. skhnh a covered place, a tent, a stage.] 1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the stage. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Scene — Scene, n. [L. scaena, scena, Gr. skhnh a covered place, a tent, a stage.] 1. The structure on which a spectacle or play is exhibited; the part of a theater in which the acting is done, with its adjuncts and decorations; the stage. [1913 Webster]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Инсценировка — [от лат. In в, на и scaena (scena) сцена], 1) переработка для сцены литературного произведения, написанного не в драматургической форме. В отличие от вольного использования эпических мотивов, как то было в античной драме или у У. Шекспира … Большая советская энциклопедия
σκηνή — I Φορητή μορφή κατοικίας από ύφασμα, η οποία στήνεται στο έδαφος με τη βοήθεια σχοινιών και πασσάλων. Χρησιμοποιείται κυρίως για πρόχειρη στέγαση στρατιωτών, σεισμοπαθών, εκδρομέων κλπ. Το ύφασμα της σ. συγκρατείται από ειδικούς οριζόντιους και… … Dictionary of Greek
Szene — Sze|ne die; , n z. T. unter Einfluss von gleichbed. fr. scène aus lat. scaena, scena »Schaubühne, Schauplatz«, dies aus gr. skēne̅ (vgl. ↑Skene), Bed. 6 vermutlich unter Einfluss von gleichbed. engl. amerik. scene>: 1. svw. ↑Skene. 2.… … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
